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BELGIQUE

• ACAZ 
  Ateliers de Constructions Aeronautiques Zeebrugge was formed after the First World War. Built in 1924-1925 the T,2 light two-seat cabin monoplane, largely of duralumin, with cantilever wing and low-drag undercarriage. Began construction of a two-seat fighter in 1926.
• ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS AERONAUTIQUES BELGES 
  Established in Brussels 1933. In that year LACAB T.7 advanced trainer entered for Belgian Government competition, and in 1934 company began construction to official specifications of the LACAB GR.8 twin-engined multi-seat fighter sesquiplane
• ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS AERONAUTIQUES ZEEBRUGGE 
  See ACAZ above

• COBELAVIA 
  Compagnie Beige d'Aviation in the mid-1960s built Nipper single-seat ultralight aircraft at Kortessem. Nipper Aircraft (q.v.) took over sole manufacturing rights of this aircraft in June 1966.
• COMPAGNIE BELGE DEVIATION 
  See COBELAVIA above

• DASSAULT BELGIQUE AVIATION SA 
  ==> SABCA.  
  ==> Societe Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aeronautiques. 
  Formed December 1920. Had close SABENA associations and that airline used SABCA's only S.2 single-engined monoplane transport. Built Handley Page 3-engined airliners for SABENA Belgian Congo service; also Poncelet ultralight monoplane and other private-owner prototypes. Held Breguet and Avia licences, and from 1927 directed attention to metal construction. Outcome was S-XI 20- passenger monoplane with three 500 hp engines, as well as similar S-XII 4-passenger monoplane with three 120 hp engines. Built under license Renard R.31 reconnaissance monoplane and Savoia-Marchetti S.73 transport. Built S.47 2-seat low-wing monoplane fighter of 1937 in collaboration with Caproni (q.v.). Company revived in 1950s. In 1960s assembled, maintained, and repaired Republic F-84; also collaborated with Avions Fairey on Hawker Hunter and made Vautour components for Sud- Aviation. Much work of various kinds on Lockheed Starfighter, Dassault Mirage, and Breguet Atlantic; also missile and space activities. Dassault Aviation took 53 percent shareholding, while in 1998 Fokker's shareholding was then reportedly being sold. Recent work has included weapon system integration, development of the cockpit front panel, final assembly, and flight testing of Belgian ArmyA-109 helicopters; update of F-5s; production and upgrading of F-16s; upgrade of Mirage 5s and F1s; production of servo actuators; and construction of subassemblies for Dassault, Boeing, Airbus, and Fokker aircraft.
• DELHAMENDE 
  Took over production of the D-158 Tipsy Nipper from Avions Fairey Beige, designed originally by M. Tips to be sold as a kit. Delhamende marketed it under the name Cobelavia from the early 1960s. and sold all Nipper rights to Nipper Aircraft in the U.K. in 1966.
• FAIREY SA 
  Societe Anonyme Beige Avions Fairey registered September 12,1931. Plant bombed May 10,1940, reopened October 1946. Reorganized as Fairey SA 1964. Established originally to build Fairey Firefly II biplane fighters and Fairey Fox three-seat day bombers. License-production of 80 Hawker Hurricanes curtailed by bombing 1940, only two completed. Factory extended 1950-1951 when work began on Gloster Meteor F.8s for Belgian Air Force, also conversion of Meteor F.4s to T.7 standard. 240 Hawker Hunter F.4s and F.6s built 1955-1960; other activities included collaboration in multinational F-104G and Atlantic programs. Supplied rear fuselages and nose cones for single-seat variants of Mirage V for Belgian Air Force in joint program with SABCA. Following U.K. Fairey's acquisition of Britten-Norman (Bembridge) Ltd. in 1972, Islander and Trislander production was transferred to Gosselies until affected by liquidation in October 1977. See Sonaca.
  
• GULDENTOPS 
  Operators of the Belgian National Aviation Schools founded in 1936 at Brussels, Kiewit and Gosselies. M. Guldentops designed and built several light aircraft, and after he took over the Societe Bulte a training biplane known as the Bulte-Guldentops appeared in 1938, powered by a Cirrus Hermes engine

MASQUITO AIRCRAFT NV 
Developed and first flew in May 1996 the M58 two-seat ultralight helicopter. Improved M80 version with more powerful 80 hp Jabiru 2200 piston engine followed, intended for sale in assembled and certificated form, and as a kit of parts.

PROMAVIA SA 
Established 1984 to develop the Jet Squalus side-by-side two-seat jet trainer with other potential uses. Also began collaborating with Mikoyan of Russia on the ATTA/MiG 815 advanced jet trainer. Jet Squalus first flew 1987, but by 1998 company had ceased trading. See Alberta Aerospace Corporation.

RENARD ⁴   Epervier R-36  R-38 R-37 
Societe Anonyme Avions et Moteurs Renard established 1927 as aero-engine manufacturer; produced the Epervier all-metal single-seat fighter in 1928-1929 with Sabca Jupiter engine designed by Alfred Renard. Constructions Aeronautiques

Epervier

==> SABCA-Dassault ==> Societe Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aeronautiques. 
Formed December 1920. Had close SABENA associations and that airline used SABCA's only S.2 single-engined monoplane transport. Built Handley Page 3-engined airliners for SABENA Belgian Congo service; also Poncelet ultralight monoplane and other private-owner prototypes. Held Breguet and Avia licences, and from 1927 directed attention to metal construction. Outcome was S-XI 20- passenger monoplane with three 500 hp engines, as well as similar S-XII 4-passenger monoplane with three 120 hp engines. Built under license Renard R.31 reconnaissance monoplane and Savoia-Marchetti S.73 transport. Built S.47 2-seat low-wing monoplane fighter of 1937 in collaboration with Caproni (q.v.). Company revived in 1950s. In 1960s assembled, maintained, and repaired Republic F-84; also collaborated with Avions Fairey on Hawker Hunter and made Vautour components for Sud- Aviation. Much work of various kinds on Lockheed Starfighter, Dassault Mirage, and Breguet Atlantic; also missile and space activities. Dassault Aviation took 53 percent shareholding, while in 1998 Fokker's shareholding was then reportedly being sold. Recent work has included weapon system integration, development of the cockpit front panel, final assembly, and flight testing of Belgian ArmyA-109 helicopters; update of F-5s; production and upgrading of F-16s; upgrade of Mirage 5s and F1s; production of servo actuators; and construction of subassemblies for Dassault, Boeing, Airbus, and Fokker aircraft.

SONACA SA 
Founded 1978 from Fairey SA, and undertakes varied aerospace activities that includes manufacture of components for Airbus, EMBRAER RJ145, Dassault Atlantique, and Agusta A109/A119

• STAMPE ET RENARD SA 
  Formed after Second World War by merger of Constructions Aeronautiques G. Renard and Stampe etVertongen (both q.v.) Overhauled and modified highly successful S.V.4 series of trainer biplanes, as used by Belgian and French Air Forces. Developed modernized S.V.4D; also, as a collaborative venture with Farman (q.v.), new monoplane called Minitor using fuselage components of S.V.4. By 1970 had ceased aeronautical work.

• TECHSPACE AERO 
  Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 1999, produces components for various aero engines, plus maintenance, repair and testing.
• TIPSY 
  Formed in late 1930s together with Tipsy Aircraft Company Ltd in U.K. (q.v.) to build ultralight aircraft designed by E. O.Tips and previously manufactured by Avions Fairey (q.v.). Pre-war products at Gosselies were single-seat S2 and two-seat B or B-2 (open cockpits) and BC (enclosed cabin). B-2 revived post-war as Tipsy Trainer, and BC as Belfair (from Belgian Fairey), together with new design of Junior in 1946 and Nipper in 1957. Production of Nipper taken over by Cobelavia in 1961, and by Nipper Aircraft Ltd in 1966 (both q.v.) 

An increasing number of attempts to fly with vehicles heavier than air took place in Belgium at the end of last century. The most famous was by Vincent De Groof, who launched his flying machine from a balloon piloted by an English pilot. He survived a first jump of 100 meters, but a second experiment in 1874 ended in a deadly accident.

The first flight in Belgium took place in November 1908 with an airplane built by "les freres Voisin" and powered by a Belgian Vivinus 100-horsepower motor. The plane was piloted by Baron Pierre de Caters. He also was the first pilot to fly in Africa (December 1909) and India (December 1910). De Caters competed with Louis Bleriot at an air meeting in Frankfurt in 1909 and was the first to receive a Belgian pilot licence in December of that same year.

The first Belgian woman to fly a plane was Helene Dutrieu, who, after little training, flew a "La Demoiselle." In spite of a near fatal landing, she began more thorough training and received the 27th Belgian pilot licence. In 1911 she won the "Coup du Roi" in Florence after competing with 14 male pilots. She also achieved several altitude and distance records in New York.

The period before World War I saw the creation of a large number of small airfields and pilot schools in the country. The driving force for the further development was the large potential of air transport in Congo. From 1911 on, attempts were made to use a "Farman" with a 50-horsepower motor for local transport near the Equator, but the attempts were unsuccessful due to the difficult climate. A special contest held in 1912 to find the best hydro-aeroplane for tropical applications was won by a French pilot on an aeroplane called "Borel."

Most of the airplanes used by Belgian pilots at the numerous meetings and shows were of French origin but equipped with Belgian engines. They were used to achieve a long series of duration, altitude, and distance records by a large number of pilots, including Charles van den Born, Jan Olieslagers, and Elie Hanouille, who was the first Belgium to perform a loop.

A new company, JERO, was created by the Bollekens brothers to construct and repair JERO-FARMAN F16s and F20s for the Belgian army. Their main competitor was Leon de Brouckere, who founded a factory in Herstal, near Liege, to construct the Deperdussin under licence.

By the beginning of World War I, 104 Belgian pilots had earned a licence, of which 50 were military personnel. Factories and pilot schools were transferred to France and Belgian pilots participated actively in the hostilities in Europe and central Africa.

Shortly after the First World War several companies were created for for civil transport, including SNETA (Syndicat National pour l'Etude des Transports Aeriens) and CENAC (Comite d'Etudes pour la Navigation Aerienne au Congo). SNETA organized regular flights on De Havilland DH9s, and in 1923 SNETA and the Belgian government began the national airline Sabena.

LARA (Ligne Aerienne Roi Albert) began operationis in the Congo, connecting several cities on the Congo River by hydro-airplanes. In the same period there were efforts to link Belgium with its colony by air transport. The first flight was made in 1925 with a Handley-Page powered by 3 engines of 850 total horsepower (one Rolls Royce and two Siddely). The trip took 51 days for a total of only 75 hours and 25 minutes of flight. The same itinerary (8000 kilometers) was made in 1930 in eight days and nine hours and 25 minutes on a Breget XIX. Regular flights were made from 1935 on with a Fokker F VII (four days with six passengers) and later with a Savoia-Marchetti S93 (three days with eight passengers)

In parallel with the air transport was the development of the aeronautical industry. SABCA's first project was a small aeroplane called the Sabca J1, which was powered by the engine of a FN motorcycle. The company also constructed "Sabca" 1500 with a 200 HP engine and some gliders. It later assembled the Handley-Page, Fokker F VII, and the Savoia-Marchetti used by Sabena.

The Avions Fairey factory was created in 1931 and began building 83 Filefly airplanes for the Belgian army. They were later replaced by the Fox II M, designed by Belgian engineer Marcel Lobelle, who also conceived the Swordfish. In 1939 the company received an order for 80 Hurricanes, but it could not finish them before hostilities started.

Provided to the AIAA for the sole purpose of its Evolution of Flight Campaign.

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The Probert Encyclopaedia of Aircraft  

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