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Japon

  wiki-fr  wiki-en  Japan Air Self-Defense Force   

AICHI TOKEI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ⁹   D1A  E11A   D3A  E13A  H9A  E16A "Tsuyun"  B7A "Ryusei"  M6A "Seyran"  S1A "Denko"

E13A

FUJI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKIKAISHA 
Successor to Nakajima Aircraft Company, established 15 July 1953 with factory at Utsunomiya City. Built Cessna L-19E Bird Dog observation aircraft under license. Concluded agreement with Beech in November 1953 to manufacture Beech B45 Mentor trainers; total of 124 built, deliveries commencing August 1954. From Mentor Fuji developed LM-1 Nikko four-seat liaison aircraft, first flown June 1955. Similar two-seat KM-2 developed. KM-2B with widened fuselage and tandem seating for two selected as JASDF primary trainer in August 1975. Fuji assembled or built more than 120 Bell 204B/B2 helicopters from 1962. 
Fuji T-1 two-seat jet trainer was first postwar Japanese jet aircraft. Forty T-1 As built with Bristol Orpheus engines, and 20 T-1 Bs with Japanese engines. FA-200 Aero Subaru four-seat light aircraft first flown August 31,1965 (nearly 300 built). Work on FA-300 twin-engined light transport began 1971, continued as joint venture with Rockwell International, U.S.A., following agreement signed June 28,1974, as Rockwell Commander 700; prototype first flown in Japan on November 13,1974 and 30 delivered before cooperation ended in 1980 (also development of the higher-powered FA-300/Commander 710 then ended). Current programs include production of the T-5 primary/basic trainer for the JMSDF (as turboprop development of the KM-2, with KM-2Kai prototype flying in April 1988) AH-1S attack helicopter, 205B/UH-1J generalpurpose helicopters (205Bs from 1995, military UH-Us from 1993), participation in the Mitsubishi F-2 program, subcontract work on the Mitsubishi F-15J and Kawasaki P-3C and T-4, manufacture of assemblies for a range of Boeing airliners, production of UAVs, and participation in space programs.

HITACHI KOKUKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA 
Founded in 1939, this company produced the Hitachi T- 2 two-seat sesquiplane trainer of wood and metal construction.

ISHIDA CORPORATION 
Financed TW-68 program for the development in the U.S.A. of a tilt-rotor passenger and utility aircraft during 1990s

ISHIKAWAJIMA ^{1   Ishikawajima R-5}   
Ishikawajima Kokuki KK formed at Tokyo December 1924, with factory at Tachikawa. Built small batches of 2-seat biplanes:T-2/-3 recon, R-1/-2/-3/-5 trainers and light ambulance (later designated KKY). KKY with 130hp Cirrus replaced by 150hp Ha-12 or Kamikaze radial was developed as KS-I for survey duty while company was being reorganised 1936 as (below) Tachikawa. 

ITOH CHU KOKU SEIBI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ==> below Shin Nihon Koku Seibi Kabushiki Kaisha.Z

KAWASAKI (Japon) (KAWASAKI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA)  Formed in 1918 as subsidiary of heavy-industrial complex Kawasaki Jukogyo to build aircraft and aero engines.

ASUKA Экспериментальный транспортный самолет ASUKA pilote transporteur ВК.117 Многоцелевой вертолет VK.117 hélicoptère polyvalent EC-1 Самолет радиотехнической разведки CE-1 avion de reconnaissance de la radio Ka.87 Тяжелый бомбардировщик Ka.87 bombardier Ki-10 Истребитель Ki-10 Fighter Ki-28 Истребитель Ki-28 Fighter Ki-32 Легкий бомбардировщик Ki-32 bombardier léger Ki-45 TORYU Ночной тяжелый истребитель Ki-45 de combat lourds TORYU Night Ki-48 Легкий бомбардировщик Ki-48 bombardier léger Ki-56 Транспортный самолет Ki-56, avion de transport Ki-60 Истребитель-перехватчик Ki-60 chasseur-intercepteur Ki-61 HIEN Истребитель Ki-61 HIEN Fighter Ki-64 Истребитель Ki-64 Fighter Ki-66 Пикирующий бомбардировщик Ki-66-bombardier plongée Ki-78 Экспериментальный скоростной самолет Ki-78-pilote à grande vitesse des avions Ki-88 Истребитель Ki-88 Fighter Ki.91 Стратегический бомбардировщик Ki.91 bombardier stratégique Ki-96 Двухмотоpный истpебитель Ki-96 Dvuhmotopny istpebitel Кi-100 Истребитель Ki-100 Fighter Ki-102 Ночной истребитель-штурмовик Ki-102 Night-attaque avion de combat KV-107 Многоцелевой транспортный вертолет KV-107 hélicoptères de transport à usages multiples MC-20 Средний транспортный самолет MC-20 Medium Transport Aircraft OН-1 NINJA Многоцелевой вертолет Il NINJA-1 hélicoptère polyvalent ОН-Х Вспомогательный и тренировочный вертолет ON-X et de la formation hélicoptère Р-2 Патрульный самолет R-2 avion de patrouille T-4 Учебно-боевой самолет T-4 Formation avion de guerre

KAWASAKI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA ==> below KAWASAKI KOKUKI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA. 

KAWASAKI KOKUKI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA ¹⁷    KDA-5 Ki-10  Ki-28  Ki-32  Ki-45 "Toryu"  Ki-48  Ki-56 Ki-60  Ki-61 "Hien"    Ki-66   Ki-78  Ki-64  Ki-96  Ki-102  Ki-108  Ki-100  C-1

Formed in 1918 as subsidiary of heavy-industrial complex Kawasaki Jukogyo to build aircraft and aero engines. Based at Kobe, in the early 1930s built Salmson biplanes and engines as well as own designs. Had Dornier license for all-metal construction, and in December 1924 the first Kawasaki-Dornier Wai flying-boat made a notable flight with a German pilot. Thereafter made aircraft mainly for the Japanese Army. A designer of Kawasaki landplanes was German Dr. Richard Vogt, with the company 1923-1933. Vogt designs were Type 88 reconnaissance biplane (1927), Type 92 single-seat biplane fighter (1930), and Ki-3 single-engined biplane bomber. Japanesedesigned were Ki-10 single-seat fighter biplane (1935), Ki-32 single-engined monoplane bomber (1937), Ki-45 fast and widely used twin-engined fighter (1939), Ki-48 twin-engined light bomber (1939), Ki-61 single-seat fighter (liquid-cooled engine and showing German influence (1941), Ki-100 radial-engined development (1944), and Ki-102 twin-engined fighter (1944). 
After the war, in March 1954, a new company of the same name was founded by the merger of Kabushiki Kaisha Kawasaki Gifu Seisakusho and Kawasaki Kikai Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. The Kawasaki KAL-1 (July 1953) was the first postwar all-metal aircraft of Japanese design. Early production covered 210 Lockheed T-33 jet trainers, 48 Lockheed P-2H Neptunes and 239 Bell Model 47 helicopters, all built under license from the USA. Also made major components for the NAMC YS-11 turboprop transport. Company reorganized in April 1969 as Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. In November 1970 flew C-1 twinturbofan military transport, production aircraft later going to the JASDF. Went on to complete 82 P-2Js (derived from Neptune), 211 KH-4 helicopters (derived from the Model 47), 160 KV107 helicopters (derived from the Boeing Vertol 107 Model II), and many Hughes/McDonnell Douglas Model 500D and 0H-6DA helicopters (production continued through 1998). Produced the Lockheed Martin P-3C Orion for the JMSDF; 101 st and final aircraft delivered in 1997, when four EP-3/UP-3D electronic intelligence/training variants remained to be delivered up to the year 2000. Also produced 16 CH-47J examples of Boeing Chinook for the JASDF and is completing delivery of 52 CH-47JAs to the JGSDF. Is prime contractor on the new OH-1 Kogata Kansoku armed scout, observation and attack helicopter (first flown August 1996), and had almost completed manufacture of some 200 T-4 intermediate jet trainers and liaison aircraft for the JASDF by 1998. Also constructs components and assemblies for the the F-15J and various Airbus and Boeing airliners. Is teamed with Eurocopter on the BK117 helicopter, and has engine and space programs.

Ki-45 "Toryu"

KAWANISHI KOKUKI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA ⁶    E7K    H6K   H8K   E15K "Shiun"    N1K-J "Shiden"   N1K "Kyofu"
In July 1924 A Kawanishi biplane seaplane made a round- Japan flight in nine days. Company formed as above in November 1928, taking over factory and windtunnel (at Kobe) of Kawanishi Machine Works. Held Short Bros license and was Rolls-Royce agent. At the time of formation was supplying aircraft, components, and accessories to Japanese Navy. Early types included a single-seat biplane fighter and a two-seat long-range high-wing monoplane. At the end of 1930 moved to new works at Narao. In February 1933 flew new three-seat reconnaissance floatplane (E7K) adopted by Japanese Naval Service. Short and Rolls-Royce connections manifested in Navy type 90-2 (K.F.1) flyingboat, built in England, assembled in Japan. Built from 1936 a highly successful long-range maritime reconnaissance/ bomber/transport flying-boat, the strut-braced H6K. Subsequent H8K had deep hull and cantilever wing. N1K single-seat fighter monoplane of 1942 originated as floatplane but was developed into outstanding landplane. Projects included suicide aircraft based on German V-1. In 1949 the company re-emerged as ShinMaywa.

N1K "Kyofu"

MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA ³⁹   1MF 1921 2MR 1922 B1M  2MB1  1MF9 Taka  1MF2 Hayabusa  K3M  2MR8  B2M  Ki-1  Ki-2  1MF10  G3M  Ka-8  A5M  Ka-14  Ki-18  Ki-15 / C5M  Ki-21  F1M  B5M  Ki-33  Ki-30  A6M "Reisen"  Ki-46  Ki-51  Ki-57  G4M  J2M "Raiden"  Ki-67 "Hiryu"  Ki-83  Ki-109  A7M "Reppu"  J8M "Shusui"  Ki-167  MU-2  T-2  F-1  MU-300 / Diamond
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. formed April 11,1934, merger of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd. and Mitsubishi Aircraft Co Ltd. Long association with Japanese Navy, commencing with Type 10, operational 1922. Most notable aircraft were 1937 A5M4 "Claude"; 1942 J2M3 'Jack'; 1939 A6M3 'Zeke' (Zero), which were all fighters; 1941 Ki-46 'Dinah' reconnaissance aircraft; 1940 G3M1 "Nell" and 1941 G4M1 "Betty" medium bombers; 1940 Ki-21 "Sally" heavy bomber; and its replacement, 1944 Ki-67"Peggy." Post-war built North American F-86F Sabres, Sikorsky S-55s, S-62As, and S-61s, and Lockheed F-104J Starfighters with Kawasaki, with which company it also manufactured McDonnell Douglas F-4EJ Phantoms. Produced 90 T-2 supersonic jet trainers, the first Japanesedeveloped supersonic aircraft (first flown 1971 and all delivered by 1988) and 77 F-1 single-seat close-air-support derivatives (all delivered by 1987). Developed MU-2 turboprop executive aircraft (first flown 1963), built in Japan and assembled and marketed in U.S.A. by subsidiary Mitsubishi Aircraft International, followed by the MU-300 Diamond (first flown 1978), which later became the Beech Model 400 Beechjet. Produced 213 McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) F- 15J/DJ fighters for JASDF by 1998, and in October 1995 first flew new Japanese-developed F-2 fighter support aircraft, intended to replace F-1 and based on F-16 but incorporating new technologies. Currently modernizing F-4EJ fleet, is a partner in the Bombardier Global Express program, has a 20% share in the Kawasaki OH-1 helicopter program, constructs Sikorsky S-70B-3 helicopters for the JMSDF as SH-60JS (the first flew 1991) plus UH-6OJs for SAR with JMSDF and JASDF and UH-60JAS for JGSDF, has developed the new MH2000 twin-turbine multipurpose helicopter (first flown July 1996), and constructs components forthe Dash 8, various Boeing airliners and Sikorsky S-92. Also has engine and space activities.

Ki-67 "Hiryu"

NAKAJIMA HIKOKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ²⁴   E2N  A2N  E4N  Type 91  E8N  Ki-4  A4N  Ki-27  Ki-34  B5N  Ki-43 "Hayabusa"  Ki-49 "Donryu"  Ki-44 "Shoki"  B6N "Tenzan"  J1N   Gekko"  A6M2-N  G5N "Shinzan"  C6N "Saiun"  Ki-84 "Hayate"  G8N "Renzan"  J5N "Tenrai"  "Kikka"  Ki-115 "Tsurugi"  Ki-87  

Ki-49 "Donryu"

NAMC ==> below  Nihon Kokuki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha.

NICHII KOKU KABUSHIKI KAISHA 
Established at Kyoto in October 1939, by Kanegafuchi Cotton Mill and the Italian Fiat Company, to produce Fiat aircraft and engines under license. 

NIHON KOKUKI SEIZO KABUSHIKI KAISHA Following the decision made in 1956 to develop a mediumsized passenger airliner in Japan, a Transport Aircraft Development Association was established in May 1957, and succeeded in June 1959 by Nihon (better remembered as NAMC), responsible for the development and manufacture of the NAMC YS-11 twin-turboprop airliner (first flown 1962), which was delivered to airlines in the U.S.A., Europe, and the Far East, and to the Japanese Air Self Defense Force; for the latter Nihon converted aircraft as electronic countermeasures (ECM) YS-11E.

NIPPON KOKUSAI KOKUKI KOGYU KABUSHIKI KAISHA Formed in June 1941 by the amalgamation of Nippon Koku Kogyu KK and Kokusai Kokuki KK, this small manufacturer produced sub-components and built the Kokusai Ki 86 biplane trainer, a version of the German Bucker Bu 131 Jungmann.

OKAMURA 
This branch of Nihon aircraft works built the N52 two-seat lightplane in 1952, and collaborated with Tokyo University students in the design and construction of a two-seat sailplane.

SASEBO NAVAL AIR ARSENAL 
During Second World War built in quantity the Mitsubishidesigned F1M2 shipboard spotter/reconnaissance central- float seaplane, last operational biplane to serve with Japanese Navy. 

SHIN NIHON KOKU SEIBI KABUSHIKI KAISHA Established December 1952 as Itoh Chu Koku Seibi Kabushiki Kaisha to maintain and repair light aircraft. In 1960 produced the N-58 Cygnet light cabin monoplane designed by students at Nihon University. Aided in development of, and produced, N-62 Eaglet four-seater also designed at Nihon University. Late in 1968 converted a number of North American T-6 Texan trainers to represent Nakajima BSN torpedo-bombers for film Tora! Tora! Tora! Adopted above company name on May 29,1970, thereafter concentrating on manufacture of aircraft equipment.

SHOWA HIKOKI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA 
Before and during Second World War built the Douglas DC-3 under license. After war was first Japanese aircraft manufacturing company to resume operations, under U.S. Government contracts. Aided in manufacture of NAMC YS-11 Japanese-designed transport.

Tachikawa (Japon) New name from 1936 of Ishikawajima Aircraft Company Ltd. TACHIKAWA 11

Ki-9 Учебно-тренировочный самолет Ki-9 avions de formation Ki-17 Учебно-тренировочный самолет Ki-17 avions de formation Ki-36 Многоцелевой штурмовик Ki-36 d'attaque polyvalents avion Ki-54 Многоцелевой транспортно-учебный самолет Ki-54 Multi-manutention des avions Ki-55 Учебно-тренировочный самолет Ki-55, avion de formation Ki-74 Высотный разведчик-бомбардировщик Ki-74 à haute altitude, l'intelligence bombardier Ki-77 Экспериментальный дальний самолет Ki-77 expérimental avions long-courriers Ki-94 Высотный истребитель Ki-94 de combat de haute altitude Ki-94-II Высотный истребитель Ki-94-II de haute altitude de combat Ki-106 Истребитель Ki-106 Fighter KKY Санитарный самолет KKY ambulances

TACHIKAWA ¹¹   KKY  Ki-9  Ki-17  Ki-36  Ki-55  Ki-54  Ki-77  Ki-70  Ki-74  Ki-94  Ki-106  
New name from 1936 of Ishikawajima Aircraft Company Ltd. Built for Japanese Army Air Force the Ki-9 and Ki-17 two-seat biplane trainers from 1935-1942 and 1935-1944 respectively; Ki-36 Army co-operation monoplane and its trainer derivative, the Ki-55 (1938-1944 and 1939-1943); the twin-engined Ki-54 multipurpose trainer-transport (1940-1945) and, under license as the army Type LO, 64 examples of the Lockheed Model 14 twin-engined transport. Other ventures included the Ki- 74 long-range pressurized twin-engined reconaissancebomber of 1944-1945 and prototypes of the twin-engined reconaissance Ki-70, Ki-77 and Ki-94 high-altitude "heavy" fighter. Company re-formed November 1949 as Shin Tachikawa Kokuki Kabushiki Kaisha. Built prototypes of the R-52 lightplane (first all-Japanese post-war aircraft) and R-53 in 1950s.

Ki-36

YOKOSUKA NAVAL AIR DEPOT ⁸   K5Y  B4Y  H5Y  E14Y  D4Y Suisei  P1Y Ginga  MXY-7 Ohka  R2Y Keiun
Yokosuka's B3Y1 Navy Type 32 carrier biplane first flew in 1932. Some 200 B4Y1 attack aircraft followed, those remaining in service Second World War known as "Jean" to the Allies. The D4Y Suisei "Judy" two-seat carrier dive-bomber was in service by the Battle of Midway in 1942 and appeared also in D4Y2-S nightfighter and D4Y4 suicide attack variants. The P1Y1 Ginga ("Frances") twin-engined naval attack bomber/nightfighter entered production in 1943 at Nakajima factories (seeabove). Yokosuka developed also the MXY-7 Ohka (Cherry Blossom) kamikaze piloted missile-bomb, derisively dubbed Baka ("fool" in Japanese) by the U.S. Navy, and of which production by various manufacturers totalled about 800.

MXY-7 Ohka

  The first airplane flight in Japan was likely on 29 April 1891, when a propeller-driven unmanned plane took off and flew about 10 meters at a height of one meter and 36 meters at a height of six meters the following day. The plane's inventor was Tyuuhaci Ninomiya, known as a genius of kite-making in his neighborhood. The airplane was called "Crow Type Flying Machine" and was a monoplane with a tail similar to that of a crow, 61 centimeters long and 59 centimeters wide with a three-wheel landing gear and a four-blade propeller driven by twisted rubber strings. After the success of this model airplane, Ninomiya tried to develop a manned airplane and wrote a letter to the Japanese Army for support, but his request was denied. When he learned of the success of the Wright Brothers, he was discouraged and never returned to the aviation field, even though he received a letter of apology from the Japanese Army.

The first human flight in Japan was made on 5 December 1909 in a glider. The machine was invented by Yves Paul Gaston Le Prieur, an attaché of the French Embassy in Tokyo, and Lt. Shirou Aibara of the Japanese Navy. A boy flew onboard their biplane with a box-type tail. The plane was 6.8 meters long and 7.2 meters wide and had 4-wheel landing gear. It flew 15 meters at a height of four meters on 5 December 1909 after a ground run by the power of several people. Five days later, Le Prieur took off with a ground run pulled by an automobile and flew about 100 meters.

The first flight of a Japanese-made powered airplane was made on 5 May 1911. The plane was designed and built by Sanji Nagahara, a Japanese Navy engineer and was 10 meters long, 9.2 meters wide, and equipped with a 50-horsepower Gnome engine. It flew approximately 60 meters on 5 May 1911. Because its flying quality was so stable, it flew to many cities throughout Japan for demonstrations.

Provided to the AIAA for the sole purpose of its Evolution of Flight Campaign.

LIENS & sources  

WING PALETTE-ru    

                     Très site tenu par Maksim Starostin in Estonia.           
Alphabetical List of Aircraft : A A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z 
Aircraft Manufacturers: AA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z 

The Probert Encyclopaedia of Aircraft  

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Pioneer profiles (modifié par lepeps) 

Frank W. Caldwell Leonardo da Vinci Lawrence Hargrave Alberto Santos-Dumont Orville & Wilbur Wright Patty Wagstaff Octave Chanute Alexander de Seversky  - Henri Fabre

Otto Lilienthal Igor Sikorsky Mario Calderara Jacqueline Cochran Amelia Earhart Hermann Oberth Wernher von Braun Charles Yeager

 
En dépit du soin apporté à la rédaction de ces pages, il est toujours possible qu'une erreur se soit glissée. Je vous  remercie de me faire part (cliquez sur l'icône E-MAIL) de toute anomalie, afin de pouvoir la rectifier dans les meilleurs délais. Il est possible aussi que certaines images et certains textes n'appartiennent pas au domaine public. Dans ce cas merci de m'indiquer le fonds documentaire concerné et les propriétaires de l'œuvre afin que je fasse le nécessaire.